(1.22)

Now let’s review what we’ve seen of the bony structures that surround the upper part of the air passage.

Here’s the piriform aperture and the nasal septum. Here are the posterior nares, or choanae. Here’s the inferior concha, the middle concha, and the superior concha. Here are the superior meatus, middle meatus, and inferior meatus.

Here’s the cavity for the frontal sinus, the maxillary sinus, the sphenoid sinus; and here are the ethmoid air cells. Here are the cribriform plates, the uncinate process, and the vomer.

Here are the fronto-nasal duct, the openings for the maxillary sinus, the sphenoid sinus, and the ethmoid air cells, posterior, and anterior. Here are the openings for the nasolacimal duct, and the sphenopalatine foramen.